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我知道的物理学


Date: 2018-05-02 00:00:00
Description: 我理解的物理学知识。
Keywords: 物理学, 写作
Category: natural_science/physics
Tag: physics
Link: https://www.diewuxi.com/blog/article/107.html

Changelog

* 2018-05-12
    * Add: chapter 3, 4
* 2018-05-07
    * Add: chapter 2
* 2018-05-02
    * Add: chapter 1
    * Done
                        

1. 引言

据说, 有大概这么一个说法, 理解一个知识的方法是写书而不是看书. 原因是, 如果你能写出书, 那么你肯定理解了. 我觉得这里面有点歧义, 听起来好像写书并不是理解知识, 而是检验是否理解知识的的手段. 其实其真正的意义是, 在写书的过程中, 会逼迫你去加深理解知识, 这个逼迫包括, 写书时, 斟酌词句, 发现以前不写的时候发现不了的问题, 写书和看书的一个差别是, 看书是被动的, 写书是主动的, 写书需要考虑的东西多, 看书遇到不懂的, 可以扫过去, 甚至跳过去, 写书不能. 逼迫还包括, 遇到问题时的再学习, 这是主动的有目的的学习, 这个学习应该更主动, 比简单看书主动.

学而不思则惘, 思而不学则怠. 这里的学好比看书, 思就好比是写书. 我觉得写书与做习题有相似之处, 属于主动的. 学习知识, 有些知识我学了就忘, 如物理, 好像我把他们当做记忆性的知识去学习, 我觉得这可能与我逻辑思维能力不强引起的. 相反, 我的计算机知识学了一些之后, 虽然皮毛, 但是大部分能记住, 我对比了一下, 发现我学习计算机时, 能动手在计算机上实验, 我觉得这就好比写书了, 思了, 而学习物理, 实践极少, 练习题做的也少, 相比高中, 所以理解不深, 容易遗忘.

看书比例太多, 还可能造成越来越不细致, 越来越粗读, 没理解就过去了, 就像开头这个说法, 我的这句话记不清原句, 就是当时没有理解造成的.

总之, 我想了解物理这个领域, 更加熟悉得了解, 我觉得我大学里没有好好认识物理. 现在我不从细处探究了, 不做习题了, 仅仅从历史过程纵览物理, 希望可以加深理解.

2. 物理学研究范围

这一节需要对知识有整体认识, 我目前认识还不全面, 先列出提纲, 以后会补充的.

物理学研究范围, 宏观的: 物体运动学, 光学, 电磁学, 热学. 微观的: 原子结构, 运动, 能量.

3. 宏观物理现象

力和运动

矢量及矢量运算, 微积分

速度, 加速度, 位移, 时间

能量, 动量, 动能, 势能

质量, 力, 万有引力

惯性定律, 加速度定律, 作用力与反作用力

典型运动分析
    质点运动
        自由落体运动
        匀速圆周运动
        平抛运动
        简谐运动
    刚体运动
        刚体转动

自由度

拉格朗日

正则坐标

哈密顿量
                        

几何光学

波动光学
                        

电磁

电荷守恒定律, 库仑定律

电势

电流

电流的磁效应

安培定律

电磁感应

狭义相对论, 广义相对论
                        

温度

速度分布率

系综理论
                        

4. 微观物理

原子

核式结构模型

原子能级, 原子光谱

分立能级, 电子能级, 核能级

量子力学

不确定原理, 波函数, 薛定谔方程

原子核
                        

量子

Last modified: 2018-05-12

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